Mā te whakaoratanga o te tikanga Māori ka whakakaha ake ō tātou whānau

Ko te tikanga Māori te ara tika hei whakakaha ake i ngā hapū me ngā iwi o ngā motu nei. He pitopito kōrero tēnei e pā ana ki taua kaupapa hei whakanui i te wiki o te reo Māori. Ka tuku mihi atu ki ōku kaiwhakaako me ōku hoa ako hei ārahi i ahau, hei whakaruruhau mōku. Waihoki, he mihi nunui ki a Krissi Jerram rāua ko Andrenah Kaka, nā kōrua te whakatakoto o te reo nei i whakatika—kei ruka noa atu kōrua.

He Kupu Whakataki

Ki ōku nei whakaaro, ko Tikanga Māori te ara tika hei whakakaha ake i ngā hapū me ngā iwi o ngā motu. Nō reira, ko te whakahauora i ngā tikanga pono o ō tātou tūpuna te mahi matua i tēnei wā. Me whakaatu e tātou te whakahirahira me te whai take o te tikanga Māori ki te ao hurihuri nei, kia whakapono anō te tangata Māori ki ōna ake tikanga. Ehara te tikanga i te ture. Ko ngā kaupapa Māori te pūtake o ngā tikanga—arā, ko te whakapapa, te manaakitanga, te aroha, te mana, te tapu, te utu, me ētahi atu o ngā kaupapa Māori—he rongoā ēnei mō te nuinga o ō tātou take. He rongoā tika aua kaupapa hei whakaora i ngā raru o te whakapākehātanga.

Kua tuhia tēnei taumahi hei whakaahua ake i ngā kaupapa e rua.

• Ko te tuatahi, ka tiro ki te take o te tikanga Māori ki ngā kaupapa o nāianei.
• Ko te tuarua, ko ētahi whakaaro mō te whakaoratanga o te tikanga Māori.

Te painga o te tikanga Māori

He maha ngā mea kino i puta mai ai i te whakapākehātanga o ēnei motu.
Kei te ngaro haere ngā hanga Māori i te mahi whakapākehā, arā,

• te whānau Māori me ōna tikanga hei āhuru mōwai mō ngā tāngata;
• te hapū me ōna tikanga hei tautoko i ngā whānau;
• te rangatiratanga me ōna tikanga hei whakakotahi i ngā tāngata;
• ngā mea katoa i hanga ai ō tātou tūpuna.

Nā ngā ara Pākehā i pēhi ngā tikanga Māori e toru.

1. Ko tētahi, ka whakaetehia te ture Pākehā i ēnei motu e te Pākehā, ā, ka whakaiti rātou i te tikanga Māori.
2. Ko tētahi, ka whakaetehia te mātauranga Pākehā i ēnei motu hei whakamārama i te kino o ngā mea Māori me te pai o ngā mea Pākehā. He kaha te karere o te Pākehā e pā ana ki te kino o te tangata Māori.
3. Waihoki, ka mauria mai ngā aituā Pākehā, he tūmomo māuiui hou ēnei ki a Ngāi Māori—i te rautau tuatahi whai muri i te taenga mai o te Pākehā, ka heke iho te tokomaha o Māori mai i te 200,000 o ngā tāngata ki te 42,000 (Durie, pp29-31). Ka mīharo ki ngā tikanga Māori e ora tonu nei. He maha ngā mate e pā ana ki te tangata Māori. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, he tokomaha ngā tāngata Māori kei roto i ngā whare herehere; he iwi pōhara tātou; he iwi rangatahi—ka hinga meake ngā pakeke. Ko ngā mahi kino a te Pākehā te pūtake o ēnei mate katoa. Ki te hinga te tikanga Māori, ka hinga tō tātou mana, ā, ka hinga tātou. Ko te rongoā, me hanga ake anō i ētahi atu kaupapa pai ki a tātou.

Ko te whakapapa te kaupapa tuatahi.
He rongoā tēnei mō te whakaaro takitahitanga o nāianei. Ki te huri ō tātou aro ki te whakapapa, ka huri ngā kaupapa katoa. E ai ki ngā whakaaro Pākehā, ko te tangata takitahi te mea nui, me tōna whānau whāiti. Ka whakatipuria āna tamariki e rāua ko tōna hoa: ka whāngaia ngā tamariki, ā, ka whiwhi rāua i te moni. Ka noho takitahi te whānau Pākehā, kāore he pakeke, kāore he tautoko. E ai ki te tikanga Māori, ko te whakapapa te mea nui—nō reira, he whānau whānui te whānau Māori. E kī ana te kōrero, “Kāore te tangata Māori e tū mokemoke ai” (e ai ki a Moana Jackson, nō Ngāti Kahungunu tēnei whakataukī). Kei roto i te whānau whānui ētahi tāngata pai ki te whāngai tamariki, ētahi tāngata pai ki te mahi kai. Ahakoa te aha, ka tū tonu ngā tāngata pai. Koirā te huarahi pai ake hei whakatipu tamariki, hei tiaki kaumātua kia whāngaihia te mana me te aroha o ia tangata, ia tangata.

He rongoā te whakapapa mō te whakaparu o Papatūānuku rāua ko Ranginui. Ka kimi rongoā te pāremata mō ngā mate o te taiao, engari ka kimihia ki ngā wāhi hē. Ki tō te paremata whakaaro, ko te whakarangatiratanga o te moni te rongoā. Ehara! Ko te whakarangatiratanga o te moni kē te raru. Ehara i te mea mā te moni te ao mārama e puta mai ai. Me huri kē ki te kaupapa Māori, arā, ko te whakapapa. E ai ki te kaupapa Māori, kia kōtuituia anōtia te whanaungatanga i waenganui i a tātou me ō tātou tūpuna. He uri tātou, ngā tāngata, nā Papatūānuku rāua ko Ranginui, ā, he uri tātou nā Tāne rāua ko Hine-tītama hoki. Ehara i te mea mō tātou te ao mārama i puta mai ai. He tēina tātou ki ngā āhuatanga o te taiao. Ka tiaki te taiao i a tātou, nā te mea, ko te taiao tō tātou tūpuna, tō tātou tuakana. Me whakamana i ō tātou whanaunga kia whāngai tonu rātou i a tātou. Koirā te rongoā, ko te whakamana i te taiao.

He rongoā hoki te whakapapa mō te take o te patu wahine. E ai ki te karaitiana, nā te atua te tāne, nā te tāne te wahine, ā, mā te tāne hoki te wahine (Genesis 2:7-23). Nō reira, kāore he mana wahine—kei ngā tāne kē te mana matua. Kei reira te pūtake o te mahi tūkino ki te wāhine i mauria mai nei e te Pākehā (Mikaere, p 2). Kei te kaupapa Māori te rongoā. E ai ki tō tātou whakapapa, tokorua ngā mātua o ngā tāngata katoa (me te ao katoa). Ahakoa he tāne, he wāhine rānei, he tāne tētahi o ōna mātua, he wahine tētahi o ōna mātua. Otirā, e ai ki te kōrero Māori, he wahine te tangata tuatahi, ko Hine-tītama, ā, ka whānau mai ia tangata, ia tangata i te whare tangata o ō tātou whaea tae noa ki a Papatūānuku (Pere, p 167). Nō reira, he nui te mana o te wahine, he nui tōna tapu. Ki te takahia tōna mana, ka takahia te mana o tōna whakapapa, ā, ka nui te utu. Kei taua tikanga te rongoā o te mahi kino nei.

Ka pēnei ngā take o te ao hurihuri e whakaea ai. Me huri i ō tātou aro ki ngā kaupapa tawhito. Ka waiho ngā tikanga kino, ngā tikanga kāore i whaitake i ēnei wā. Kia mau tātou ki ngā kaupapa tika, ngā kaupapa whai mana. Ka kimi ngā tāngata tokomaha i tētahi ara pai, hei rongoā mō ngā tini take o te ao. Ko te kaupapa Māori te ara tika mō ngā tāngata Māori. Waihoki, ki te waiho ngā kaupapa Māori me ōna tikanga, hei aha ngā hapū me ngā iwi? He rōpū noa iho, he ōrite ki ngā rōpū Pākehā.

Te whakaora i te tikanga Māori

I whakaatu au i te whakahirahira o te tikanga Māori i te ao o nāianei. Ko te tikanga te whāriki hei tūranga mō ngā hapū me ngā iwi. Engari, ko te mea nui he pēhea te tikanga Māori e whakahauoratia ai? Ahakoa he ara tika, ko tēnei te ara uaua, te ara kāwekaweka.

Ko te mea tuatahi, me tīmata ki te āta whakaaro mō ō tātou ake tikanga, kia hangaia tētahi moemoeā hou, tētahi moemoeā nui. Mā te moemoeā te whakatakotoranga kaupapa e whakaputa. Nā Whatarangi Winiata te moemoeā Whakatupuranga Rua Mano hei whakahauora i tōna iwi (Winiata, p 791). I whakatakoto kaupapa ia mō ngā tau e 25 mai i te tau 1975 tae noa ki te tau 2000, ā, ka mau ia ki tōna kaupapa. He tauira tēnei mō te hua o te moemoeā nui. Me titiro ki te pae tawhiti—kotahi rau tau pea, kei kō atu rānei.

Ko te mea nui ko te whakatakoto kaupapa:

• he aha ngā uara;
• ko wai hei kaihautū; ā
• ko whea tātou a ngā tau e rima, 20, 50;
• he pēhea te tātari i ngā hua.

Ko te mea tuarua te mātauranga, hei whakatupu i te moemoeā. He mea pai ngā kura Māori, hei wāhi whakahauora i te reo Māori, hei wāhi manaaki i te mana o te tamaiti. Engari, ka whakatūpato a Irihapeti Ramsden, kia kaua aua kura e ako i ngā whakaaro Pākehā me te kōrero o te hāhi Pākehā (Ramsden, p 111). Ahakoa kei roto i te reo Māori, te reo Pākehā rānei, me huri te aro ki ngā kaupapa Māori. Me hanga tātou he rauemi kia whakaaturia te mātauranga Māori, arā te kaupapa Māori. Mā tātou taua manu e rere ai. Kei ngā iwi, ngā hapū, ngā wānanga, me ngā rohe o rātou huruhuru, arā, he pūtea, he kura, he tāngata, he pūkenga, he mana. Engari, kāhore te mātauranga kei ngā kura anake, kei waho kē i ngā kura te nuinga o ō tātou akoranga. Hei aha te wāhi, kei ngā wāhi tika ngā tāngata e ako ana. Nō reira, mēnā ko te tūmanako kia whakanui ake i te hunga e matatau ana ki te oranga mō ō rātou hapū me totoro atu te mātauranga ki ngā tāngata Māori katoa. Me haere ki ngā marae me ngā kura, otirā, me haere ki ngā rōpū hākinakina, ki ngā wāhi mahi, ki ngā whare herehere. Mā ō tātou whanaungatanga e whakakaha ake i te hononga ki waenga i ngā whanaunga.

Ko te mea whakamutunga, kia whakamahia ngā kaupapa o ō tātou tūpuna nāianei me whakatauira tātou i te ara tika. Me whakakewa i te tūmanako, ā, he pai ake te tauira i te kōrero noa iho.

He Kupu Whakakapi

Kāore e kore ka pūāwai ngā iwi Māori a ngā tau e heke mai nei.
Engari, e rua ngā ara kia pai ai: ko te ara Pākehā te whakarangatira i te moni; ko te ara Māori ko te mātauranga Māori, ko te whakapapa te pūtake.
He pai te mātauranga i ahu mai i Rangiātea, te mātauranga tuatahi o ēnei motu.
Kei roto i taua mātauranga ngā tikanga hei whakakaha i ngā tāngata Māori. Ahakoa te nui o ngā tau e whakahaerehia ana te paremata i raro i te mana o te tikanga Pākehā, noho kau tonu ana te nuinga o ngā tāngata, he pōhara hoki. Mēnā ka whai tonu ngā hapū me ngā iwi Māori i te ara Pākehā, ka haere tonu taua hē. Me huri kē mai ki te mātauranga Māori me ōna tikanga. He aka torotoro. Ahakoa te uaua me te roa o te haerenga, me ū ki te kaupapa, ka ako, ka whakatauira. He nui tēnei pīkaunga, ā, me mahi takitini tātou—“kō koe ki tēnā, ko ahau ki tēnei kīwai o te kete” (Mead and Grove, p 232).

PUBLISHED MATERIAL
Durie, Mason, Ngā Tai Matatū: Tides of Māori Endurance. Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2005

Mead, Hirini Moko and Neil Grove, Ngā Pēpehā a ngā Tīpuna. Victoria University Press, Wellington, 2003

Pere, Rangimarie Rose, “The Mother Energy” in Kaupapa New Zealand: Vision Aotearoa, Edited by Witi Ihimaera. Bridget Williams Books, Wellington, 1994

Ramsden, Irihapeti, “Own the past and create the future” in Toi Wāhine: the worlds of Māori women, Edited by Kathie Irwin and Irihapeti Ramsden. Penguin Books, Auckland, 1995

Winiata, Whatarangi, “Hapū and Iwi resources and their quantification” in Report of the Royal Commission on Social Policy Vol III Part Two. Government Printer, Wellington, 1988

UNPUBLISHED MATERIAL
Mikaere, Ani, "Patriarchy as the ultimate divide and rule tactic: The assault on tikanga Māori by Pākehā Law" Paper presented at Mai i te Ata Hāpara conference, Te Wānanga-o-Raukawa, Ōtaki, 11-13 August, 2000